Rabies cases are on the rise in Michigan, and pet owners are encouraged to remain vigilant about interaction with wild animals and make sure their pets' vaccinations are up to date. This year, 141 animals have tested positive for rabies, a massive increase from the 49 confirmed cases in 2006. In nearby Washtenaw and Livingston Counties, seven bats, one dog and one skunk have all tested positive for rabies.

Public health officials are uncertain of the cause behind the dramatic increase in rabies cases, but some speculate the summer's hot, dry weather encouraged virus replication and transmission.

Because of the increase in cases, pet owners are encouraged to vaccinate their pets. Dogs and outdoor cats should be vaccinated regularly against rabies. However, because many of this year's cases of rabies involve bats, pet owners are encouraged to vaccinate indoor cats as well, as bats often can work their way inside a home.

Rabies is a fatal disease of the nervous system and can infect all warm-blooded mammals, including humans. The virus attacks the brain and spinal cord, causing severe nervous system dysfunction and, eventually, death. The virus is most commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected animals. When a rabid animal bites, the rabies virus is transmitted through the saliva into the broken skin of the victim. Skunks, bats, coyotes, foxes and raccoons are some of the most common carriers of rabies. Cats, dogs and farm animals usually contract rabies through contact with wildlife.

Animals infected with rabies will display various symptoms. In general, the disease shows itself in three stages:

• Attitude change: The animal may be nervous, shy, aggressive or show a lack of fear of humans.
• Furious/excitable phase: The animal behave erratically or act agitated. The animal may bite at anything; wild animals will wander into unaccustomed areas and attack livestock.
• Paralysis: Animals infected with rabies become progressively paralyzed. Animals may be unable to move their hind legs or swallow, resulting in choking and foaming at the mouth. This phase usually ends in death.

The easiest, most effective way to prevent the spread of rabies is by vaccinating your pet. Vaccinations are inexpensive and effective in preventing rabies. Contact your veterinarian about a rabies vaccine today.

If you spot an animal acting strangely, inform your local animal control officer immediately. You can further minimize the risk of rabies by avoiding close contact with wildlife. Because of their erratic behavior and lack of fear of humans, rabid animals may look friendly, but they are not. If your pet is bitten or scratched by a wild animal, contact your veterinarians immediately.

Remember—rabies is a fatal disease in humans! If you have been bitten or scratched by a wild animal, seek medical attention immediately!

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